"trouthe" meaning in Middle English

See trouthe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈtrɔu̯ð(ə)/, /ˈtrɛu̯ð(ə)/, /ˈtriu̯ð(ə)/, /-θ(ə)/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō. By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix). The final vowel is generalised from Old English oblique cases, while forms in /iu̯/ reflect the influence of trewe; the usual vocalism in /ɛu̯/, /ɔu̯/ is due to shortening before the consonant cluster /wθ/ in late Old English. Etymology templates: {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:trēowþ|:afeq|trewe|-the}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*drewH-", "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*drew-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*triwwiz", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-teh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-iþō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*triwwiþō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "trēowe", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ang" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "-þ", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ang" } ], "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "afeq", "is_invisible" : "all" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "trēowþ", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" }, { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "trewe", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "enm" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-the", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "enm" } ], "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "afeq", "is_invisible" : "all" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "trouthe", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" }" data-lang="enm" data-title="trouthe">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|trēowþ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English trēowþ, {{inh+|enm|ang|trēowþ}} Inherited from Old English trēowþ, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*triuwiþu}} Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*triwwiþō}} Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō, {{surf|enm|trewe|-the|id2=abstract nominal|pos2=abstract nominal suffix}} By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} trouthe, {{enm-noun|-}} trouthe (uncountable) Forms: trawthe [alternative], treowthe [alternative], treuthe [alternative], treuþe [alternative], trewthe [alternative], trowthe [alternative], trowþe [alternative], truthe [alternative], trowwþe [alternative, Ormulum], troꟕþe [alternative, Ormulum], troƿƿþe [alternative, Ormulum]
  1. loyalty (to a cause) Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-YD2UEwc0
  2. honesty, honor, troth Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-SK8KGkUU
  3. goodness, kindness, integrity Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-TtmK5DQb
  4. truth, reality (especially absolute) Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-vBgqlX0p
  5. religion, belief system Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-~0w5S-n6 Categories (other): Middle English entries referencing missing etymons, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -the, Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal), Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries referencing missing etymons: 2 6 7 2 43 29 8 2 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 1 4 9 1 46 28 8 1 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the: 2 7 6 2 43 29 9 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal): 2 6 9 2 40 27 12 2 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 2 6 2 2 47 34 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 1 3 1 1 59 32 3 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 2 1 1 59 32 3 1
  6. righteousness, justness; being right in one's cause Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-thYrA5xN
  7. troth: a pledge, contract, promise or oath Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-Wv97I6fi
  8. A fact or truth. Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-trouthe-enm-noun-EOMBgD5~

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "truth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "troth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "trowth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "trewth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:trēowþ",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "trewe",
        "6": "-the"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*drewH-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*drew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-teh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trewe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-the\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trouthe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"trouthe\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "trēowþ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English trēowþ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "trēowþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English trēowþ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*triuwiþu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*triwwiþō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "trewe",
        "3": "-the",
        "id2": "abstract nominal",
        "pos2": "abstract nominal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō. By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix).\nThe final vowel is generalised from Old English oblique cases, while forms in /iu̯/ reflect the influence of trewe; the usual vocalism in /ɛu̯/, /ɔu̯/ is due to shortening before the consonant cluster /wθ/ in late Old English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trawthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treowthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treuthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treuþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trewthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowwþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troꟕþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troƿƿþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouthe",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "trouthe (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty (to a cause)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-YD2UEwc0",
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "honesty, honor, troth"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-SK8KGkUU",
      "links": [
        [
          "honesty",
          "honesty"
        ],
        [
          "honor",
          "honor"
        ],
        [
          "troth",
          "troth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goodness, kindness, integrity"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-TtmK5DQb",
      "links": [
        [
          "goodness",
          "goodness"
        ],
        [
          "kindness",
          "kindness"
        ],
        [
          "integrity",
          "integrity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              28,
              34
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Then Pilate said to him, \"What's truth?\". When he'd said that, he headed out towards the Jews and told them, \"I can't find a charge against him.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 18:38, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "pilat ſeiþ to hym / what is treuþe .· and whãne he hadde ſeid þis þing .· efte he wente out to þe iewis ⁊ ſeide to hem / I fynde no cauſe in hym",
          "translation": "Then Pilate said to him, \"What's truth?\". When he'd said that, he headed out towards the Jews and told them, \"I can't find a charge against him.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "truth, reality (especially absolute)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-vBgqlX0p",
      "links": [
        [
          "truth",
          "truth"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 6 7 2 43 29 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 4 9 1 46 28 8 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 7 6 2 43 29 9 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -the",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 6 9 2 40 27 12 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 6 2 2 47 34 6 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 1 1 59 32 3 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 1 1 59 32 3 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "religion, belief system"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-~0w5S-n6",
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "righteousness, justness; being right in one's cause"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-thYrA5xN",
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              27
            ],
            [
              21,
              28
            ],
            [
              144,
              150
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              27
            ],
            [
              140,
              145
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Each in the other his troth lay / For to be sworn brothers, till they died / And with the word they rode forth on their way / … / Now by my troth brother dear, said he / As I shall tell you a faithful tale …",
          "ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliii, verso:",
          "text": "Euerich in other his trouthe laythe / For to be ſworne brethern, til they dey / And with yͤ worde they riden forth her wey / [...] / Nowe by my trouth brother dere ſayd he / As I ſhal tellen the a faithful tale [...]",
          "translation": "Each in the other his troth lay / For to be sworn brothers, till they died / And with the word they rode forth on their way / … / Now by my troth brother dear, said he / As I shall tell you a faithful tale …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "troth: a pledge, contract, promise or oath"
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-Wv97I6fi",
      "links": [
        [
          "troth",
          "troth"
        ],
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "promise",
          "promise#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "oath",
          "oath"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fact or truth."
      ],
      "id": "en-trouthe-enm-noun-EOMBgD5~",
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrɔu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrɛu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtriu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-θ(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouthe"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *drew-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -the",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -the (abstract nominal)",
    "Middle English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "truth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "troth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "trowth"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "trewth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:trēowþ",
        "4": ":afeq",
        "5": "trewe",
        "6": "-the"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*drewH-\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*drew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-teh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*triwwiþō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-þ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"trēowþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trewe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-the\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"trouthe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"trouthe\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "trēowþ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English trēowþ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "trēowþ"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English trēowþ",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*triuwiþu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*triwwiþō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "trewe",
        "3": "-the",
        "id2": "abstract nominal",
        "pos2": "abstract nominal suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English trēowþ, from Proto-West Germanic *triuwiþu, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō. By surface analysis, trewe + -the (abstract nominal suffix).\nThe final vowel is generalised from Old English oblique cases, while forms in /iu̯/ reflect the influence of trewe; the usual vocalism in /ɛu̯/, /ɔu̯/ is due to shortening before the consonant cluster /wθ/ in late Old English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "trawthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treowthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treuthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "treuþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trewthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truthe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trowwþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troꟕþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "troƿƿþe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "trouthe",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "trouthe (uncountable)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty (to a cause)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "honesty, honor, troth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "honesty",
          "honesty"
        ],
        [
          "honor",
          "honor"
        ],
        [
          "troth",
          "troth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "goodness, kindness, integrity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "goodness",
          "goodness"
        ],
        [
          "kindness",
          "kindness"
        ],
        [
          "integrity",
          "integrity"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              28,
              34
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              33,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Then Pilate said to him, \"What's truth?\". When he'd said that, he headed out towards the Jews and told them, \"I can't find a charge against him.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 18:38, folio 53, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "pilat ſeiþ to hym / what is treuþe .· and whãne he hadde ſeid þis þing .· efte he wente out to þe iewis ⁊ ſeide to hem / I fynde no cauſe in hym",
          "translation": "Then Pilate said to him, \"What's truth?\". When he'd said that, he headed out towards the Jews and told them, \"I can't find a charge against him.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "truth, reality (especially absolute)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "truth",
          "truth"
        ],
        [
          "reality",
          "reality"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "religion, belief system"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "righteousness, justness; being right in one's cause"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              21,
              27
            ],
            [
              21,
              28
            ],
            [
              144,
              150
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              27
            ],
            [
              140,
              145
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Each in the other his troth lay / For to be sworn brothers, till they died / And with the word they rode forth on their way / … / Now by my troth brother dear, said he / As I shall tell you a faithful tale …",
          "ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliii, verso:",
          "text": "Euerich in other his trouthe laythe / For to be ſworne brethern, til they dey / And with yͤ worde they riden forth her wey / [...] / Nowe by my trouth brother dere ſayd he / As I ſhal tellen the a faithful tale [...]",
          "translation": "Each in the other his troth lay / For to be sworn brothers, till they died / And with the word they rode forth on their way / … / Now by my troth brother dear, said he / As I shall tell you a faithful tale …",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "troth: a pledge, contract, promise or oath"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "troth",
          "troth"
        ],
        [
          "pledge",
          "pledge#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "promise",
          "promise#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "oath",
          "oath"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A fact or truth."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrɔu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtrɛu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtriu̯ð(ə)/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-θ(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trouthe"
}

Download raw JSONL data for trouthe meaning in Middle English (8.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.